AV Glossary

AV Glossary A–Z

AV Glossary is a handy reference for audiovisual terms, acronyms, and definitions used in live sound, event production, and professional AV systems. Whether you are just starting or have years of experience, this AV glossary will help you make sense of the language used in professional audio and audiovisual technology.

Audio
Video
Lighting
Production
Communications

AFL (After Fade Listen) – Allows monitoring of a signal after the fader position
Aux Send – Sends signal from a channel to monitors, effects, recordings, etc
Bus – A path that combines multiple audio signals together
Compressor – Reduces dynamic range by controlling loud signals
Crossover – Splits audio frequencies into different ranges for speakers
DCA / VCA – Controls multiple channels with one fader without changing routing
De-esser – Reduces harsh sibilance in vocals
DI Box (Direct Injection Box) – Converts instrument signals to balanced signals
EQ (Equalizer) – Adjusts frequency content
Feedback – Unwanted looping sound caused by microphones picking up speakers
FOH (Front of House) – Audio mixing position for audience sound
Gain Before Feedback – Maximum usable level before feedback occurs
Graphic EQ – EQ with fixed frequency bands
Headroom – Extra available level before distortion
HPF (High Pass Filter) – Removes low frequencies
Latency – Delay between input and output
Limiter – Prevents the signal from exceeding a threshold
Line Check – Verification that signals are present
LR Mix – Left-right main mix
Matrix – Routing outputs from multiple buses
Monitor Mix – Performer’s listening mix
Multicore / Snake – Cable carrying multiple audio channels
PFL (Pre Fade Listen) – Monitor signal before fader
Phase – Relationship between waveforms
Pink Noise – Noise source used for tuning
RTA (Real Time Analyzer) – Displays frequency response
SMAART – Industry measurement software
SPL (Sound Pressure Level) – Measurement of loudness
Stage Box – Audio connection point on stage
Subgroup – Grouping channels together
Time Alignment – Delaying speakers for coherent arrival
Balanced Signal – Audio connection using two conductors + ground to reject noise over long cable runs
Clipping – Distortion caused by a signal exceeding the maximum level a device can handle
Console (Digital Mixing Console) – Central hardware/software hub for routing, processing, and mixing all audio signals
Dante – Audio-over-IP protocol used to send multiple channels of audio over standard network cable
Decibel (dB) – Unit used to measure relative loudness or signal level
Delay – Time offset applied to a signal, often used to align speakers or create effects
Digital Snake – Stage box and cabling system that converts audio to digital for transport over a single network cable
Ground Loop – Unwanted hum or buzz caused by multiple ground paths in a signal chain
Impedance – Resistance a device presents to an audio signal, relevant when matching gear
In-Ear Monitor (IEM) – Personal monitoring system worn in the ear instead of using floor wedges
Mic Level vs Line Level – The difference in signal strength between a raw microphone output and a processed line-level signal
Noise Floor – The baseline level of unwanted background noise in a system or environment
Parametric EQ – EQ that allows adjustment of frequency, gain, and bandwidth at any point
Patch Bay – Panel used to route and reroute audio connections between devices
Phantom Power – DC voltage sent through a mic cable to power condenser microphones
Ring Out – Process of finding and removing feedback-prone frequencies before a show
Sample Rate – Number of times per second an analog signal is measured for digital conversion
Shelving EQ – EQ type that boosts or cuts all frequencies above or below a set point
Sidechain – Routing one signal to control the processing of another, commonly used in compression
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) – The ratio between the useful signal level and background noise
Sound Check – Pre-show process of testing and adjusting levels for all inputs and monitors
THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) – Measurement of unwanted harmonic content added by a device
Wedge – Floor-standing stage monitor speaker angled toward a performer
A-Weighting – Frequency weighting curve applied to SPL measurements to approximate human hearing sensitivity
Active Speaker – Loudspeaker with a built-in amplifier
Air Absorption – Loss of high-frequency energy as sound travels through air over distance
Amp Rack – Rack housing power amplifiers, typically at FOH or backstage
Amplifier – Device that increases signal power to drive loudspeakers
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) – Converts an analog audio signal into digital data
Anechoic Chamber – Room designed to eliminate reflections, used for acoustic testing
Array Processing – DSP techniques used to control the coverage pattern of a speaker array
Attack Time – How quickly a compressor or gate responds once its threshold is crossed
Attenuation – Reduction in signal level
Audio Interface – Hardware that connects analog audio equipment to a computer
Auto-Mixer – System that automatically adjusts levels between multiple open microphones
Bandpass Filter – Filter that only allows a specific frequency range to pass
Bass Management – Routing low-frequency content from multiple channels to a subwoofer
Bidirectional Microphone – Mic pattern that picks up sound from front and back, rejecting the sides
Binaural Recording – Recording technique that captures audio to replicate natural human hearing
Bit Rate – Amount of data processed per second in a digital audio stream
Boundary Microphone – Mic designed to be placed on a flat surface, using reflected sound
Bridging (Amplifier) – Combining two amp channels into one higher-power output
Cardioid Microphone – Mic pattern that primarily picks up sound from the front, rejecting the rear
Ceiling Speaker – Loudspeaker mounted into a ceiling for distributed audio coverage
Channel Strip – The full set of controls for a single input on a mixing console
Clip Gain – Gain adjustment applied to an audio region before it hits the fader
Coaxial Speaker – Loudspeaker with multiple drivers mounted on the same axis
Comb Filtering – Frequency cancellation caused by two similar signals arriving at slightly different times
Combiner (Antenna) – Device that merges multiple wireless mic antennas into fewer inputs
Compander – Device combining a compressor and expander, often used in wireless systems
Condenser Microphone – Mic type using a charged diaphragm, generally more sensitive than dynamic mics
Constant Directivity Horn – Horn design that maintains consistent coverage angle across frequencies
Constant Voltage System (70V/100V) – Distributed speaker system used for large-area coverage with many speakers
Contact Microphone – Mic that picks up vibrations directly from a surface rather than air
Crest Factor – Ratio between peak level and average (RMS) level of a signal
Cross-Talk – Unwanted bleed of signal from one channel into another
D/A Converter (DAC) – Converts digital audio data back into an analog signal
Damping Factor – Amplifier’s ability to control speaker cone movement after a signal stops
dB SPL – Decibels of Sound Pressure Level, an absolute loudness measurement
dBFS (Decibels Full Scale) – Digital audio level measurement referenced to the maximum before clipping
dBu – Unit of voltage-referenced audio level, common in pro audio gear
dBV – Unit of voltage-referenced audio level referenced to 1 volt
Decay Time – Time it takes for a sound to fade after the source stops
Diffusion (Acoustic) – Scattering of sound reflections to reduce echo and standing waves
Digital Signal Processor (DSP) – Hardware/software that processes audio digitally for EQ, delay, crossover, etc
Directivity Index – Measurement describing how focused a loudspeaker’s output is
Dispersion Pattern – The horizontal and vertical spread of sound from a speaker
Distortion – Unwanted alteration of a signal’s waveform
Dolby Atmos (Live) – Object-based immersive audio format increasingly used in live production
Downmix – Combining a multichannel mix into fewer channels
Driver (Loudspeaker) – The individual transducer component inside a speaker cabinet
Dynamic Microphone – Mic type using a moving coil, generally more rugged than condenser mics
Early Reflections – First sound reflections to reach a listener after the direct sound
Echo – Distinct, delayed repetition of a sound
Electret Microphone – Condenser mic variant using a permanently charged material instead of external polarization
Envelope (ADSR) – Attack, Decay, Sustain, Release — shape of a sound over time
Equal Loudness Contour – Curve showing how perceived loudness varies with frequency at equal SPL
Fader – Sliding control used to adjust channel or bus level
Fill Speaker – Additional speaker used to cover gaps left by the main system
Flat Frequency Response – Output that reproduces all frequencies at equal level
Flown System – Loudspeaker array rigged and hung rather than ground-stacked
Frequency Response – Range of frequencies a device can reproduce and how evenly
Fundamental Frequency – Lowest frequency of a periodic waveform, defining its pitch
Gain Staging – Setting levels through each stage of the signal chain to optimize headroom and noise
Gate (Noise Gate) – Processor that mutes a signal below a set threshold
Ground Lift – Switch that disconnects the ground pin to eliminate ground loop hum
Haas Effect – Perceptual effect where closely timed sounds are heard as one, from the earlier source’s direction
Harmonics – Frequencies that are whole-number multiples of the fundamental frequency
High Shelf Filter – EQ filter boosting/cutting frequencies above a set point
Horn-Loaded Speaker – Speaker using a horn to increase efficiency and control dispersion
Hum – Low-frequency unwanted noise, often from electrical interference
Hypercardioid Microphone – Narrow pickup pattern mic, more directional than cardioid
Insert Point – Connection allowing external processing to be patched into a channel’s signal path
Isolation Transformer – Transformer used to break ground loops and isolate circuits
Line Array – Vertically stacked speaker system designed for controlled, long-throw coverage
Lobing – Uneven coverage pattern caused by interference between multiple sound sources
Low Shelf Filter – EQ filter boosting/cutting frequencies below a set point
Loudspeaker Management System – Hardware/software controlling crossover, EQ, delay, and limiting for a PA system
Lavalier Microphone – Small clip-on mic often used for speech and presenters
MADI (Multichannel Audio Digital Interface) – Protocol for transporting many channels of digital audio over one cable
Masking (Auditory) – Phenomenon where one sound makes another harder to perceive
Mid-Side Miking – Stereo miking technique using a mid and side microphone pair
Mono Compatibility – Whether a stereo mix retains its balance and clarity when summed to mono
Mult (Splitter) – Device that splits one signal into multiple identical outputs
Notch Filter – Very narrow EQ cut used to remove a specific problem frequency
Nyquist Frequency – Highest frequency that can be accurately captured at a given sample rate
Off-Axis Coloration – Change in tonal quality of a mic or speaker when heard away from its main axis
Omni-directional Microphone – Mic that picks up sound equally from all directions
On-Axis Response – Frequency response measured directly in front of a mic or speaker
Op-Amp – Operational amplifier, a core building block in analog audio circuits
Optical Cable (ADAT/TOSLINK) – Fiber-optic cable used to transmit digital audio
Outboard Gear – External hardware processors used alongside a console
Overdub – Recording additional material on top of an existing track
Passive Speaker – Speaker that requires an external amplifier
Peak Meter – Meter showing the highest instantaneous level of a signal
Phantom Image – Perceived sound source location created between two speakers
Phase Cancellation – Loss of signal caused by two identical waveforms being out of phase
Phasing Alignment (Sub Array) – Technique for arranging subwoofers to control low-frequency coverage
Plosive – Burst of air (e.g. “p” or “b” sounds) that can cause a mic pop
Polar Pattern – Graphical representation of a microphone’s directional sensitivity
Pop Filter – Screen placed in front of a mic to reduce plosives
Power Amplifier – Amplifier stage that drives loudspeakers directly
Preamp – Stage that boosts a mic-level signal up to line level
Precedence Effect – Perceptual effect where sound localization is dominated by the first-arriving sound
Presence Boost – EQ boost in the upper-midrange to add clarity or “presence”
Proximity Effect – Bass boost that occurs when a directional mic is used very close to a source
Q Factor – Measurement of how narrow or wide an EQ band is
Rack Unit (RU) – Standard unit of measurement for rack-mounted equipment height
Redundant System (Audio) – Backup signal path or device used to maintain uptime if primary fails
Ribbon Microphone – Mic type using a thin ribbon element, known for smooth high-frequency response
Room Mode – Resonant frequency caused by sound reflecting between parallel surfaces in a room
Sample and Hold – Circuit that captures and holds a signal value at intervals
Sensitivity (Microphone) – Measurement of a mic’s output level for a given input SPL
Shotgun Microphone – Highly directional mic used to isolate sound from a distance
Signal Chain – The full path a signal travels from source to output
Signal Flow – The order and direction in which audio moves through a system
Slew Rate – Speed at which an amplifier can change its output voltage
Small Diaphragm Condenser – Condenser mic type known for accurate transient response
Soft Knee Compression – Compression style with a gradual transition into gain reduction
Sound Reinforcement – Use of amplification to increase or extend the reach of live sound
Sound Wave – Vibration that travels through a medium as audible sound
Speaker Tap (70V) – Connection point on a transformer speaker allowing selectable power levels
Splay Angle – The angle between adjacent boxes in a line array
Stack (PA) – Ground-stacked arrangement of loudspeakers
Standing Wave – Stationary interference pattern caused by reflected sound in an enclosed space
Stereo Imaging – Perceived width and placement of sound sources across the stereo field
Subwoofer Cardioid Array – Subwoofer arrangement designed to reduce low-end bleed to the stage
Supercardioid Microphone – Directional mic pattern between cardioid and hypercardioid
Tap Delay – Delay effect using multiple, separately timed repeats
Threshold (Compression) – Level at which a compressor or gate begins to act
Throw Distance (Speaker) – Distance a speaker system is designed to effectively cover
Timbre – The tonal quality that distinguishes one sound source from another
Transient – Short, sharp burst of energy at the start of a sound
Transformer Balanced – Balanced audio circuit using a transformer for isolation and noise rejection
Trim Gain – Input gain adjustment on a channel, set before other processing
Unbalanced Signal – Audio connection using a single conductor and ground, more prone to noise
Unity Gain – Point at which a device’s output level equals its input level
USB Audio Interface – Interface connecting analog audio to a computer via USB
VCA Group – Group of channels controlled by a single VCA fader without altering the mix bus routing
Vocal Rider – Automatic level-riding plugin/process used to keep vocals consistent
Voicing (System Tuning) – Process of EQing and adjusting a PA system to sound consistent across a venue
Wall Wart (Power Supply) – Plug-in external power adapter for small audio devices
Waveform – Visual representation of a sound’s amplitude over time
Windscreen – Foam or fur cover placed over a mic to reduce wind noise
Wireless Frequency Coordination – Planning wireless mic/IEM frequencies to avoid interference
XLR Connector – Standard 3-pin balanced audio connector
Zone Mixing – Creating separate audio mixes for different physical areas of a venue

Aspect Ratio – Relationship between width and height
Blackmagic – Common video production hardware ecosystem
Capture Card – Converts video signals into computer inputs
Chroma Key – Removes colored backgrounds
EDID – Display communication information
Frame Rate – Number of frames per second
Genlock – Synchronizes video devices
HDMI – Consumer digital video connection
IMAG (Image Magnification) – Live camera feed projection
LED Processor – Controls LED displays
NDI – Network-based video transport protocol
Refresh Rate – How frequently displays refresh
Resolution – Pixel dimensions
Scaler – Converts video formats or resolutions
SDI – Professional video connection
Switcher – Device used to switch video sources
Video Wall – Multiple displays forming one screen
Bit Depth – Amount of color/tonal information captured per pixel
Codec – Method used to compress and decompress video/audio data
Color Grading – Adjusting color and tone of video footage for consistency or look
Fiber Optic Video Transmission – Sending video signals over fiber cable for long distances without signal loss
HDCP – Copy-protection standard that can affect signal compatibility between devices
Keying – Process of isolating part of an image (e.g. via chroma key) to composite with another source
Lower Third – On-screen graphic overlay, usually showing names or titles
Media Server – Device that plays back and manages video content for screens and projection
Multiviewer – Device that displays multiple video sources on one screen for monitoring
Pixel Pitch – Distance between LED pixels on a display, determining resolution at a given viewing distance
PTZ Camera – Camera with remote Pan-Tilt-Zoom control, often operated without an on-site camera operator
Vision Mixer – Person or device that switches between multiple camera/video sources live
White Balance – Camera setting that corrects color so whites appear neutral under different lighting
3G-SDI – SDI standard supporting higher bandwidth for HD/3D video
4K UHD – Ultra High Definition resolution, roughly four times 1080p
8K – Resolution standard offering four times the pixel count of 4K
Alpha Channel – Image data used to define transparency for compositing
Ambient Light Sensor – Sensor used to auto-adjust display brightness based on room light
Analog Video – Video signal represented as a continuously varying waveform, pre-digital
Anamorphic Lens – Lens that compresses a wide image onto a standard sensor
Aperture – Camera lens opening that controls how much light reaches the sensor
Backdrop LED Wall – LED display used as a scenic backdrop rather than for content playback
Baseband Video – Uncompressed video signal transmitted directly, as opposed to encoded/compressed
Bezel (Display) – Frame around a screen, relevant when tiling multiple displays
Bit Rate (Video) – Amount of data processed per second in a video stream
Blanking Interval – Portion of a video signal reserved for sync information, not image data
Bloom (Image Artifact) – Overexposed highlight spreading beyond its actual boundary
Broadcast Camera – Camera built to professional broadcast standards for live production
Camera Shading – Adjusting camera exposure/color to match multiple cameras in a shoot
Chromatic Aberration – Color fringing caused by a lens failing to focus all colors at the same point
Color Bars – Standard test pattern used to calibrate video equipment
Color Correction – Adjusting footage to achieve accurate or consistent color
Color Space – Defined range of colors a video system can represent (e.g. Rec.709, Rec.2020)
Component Video – Analog video signal split into separate luma/chroma components
Composite Video – Analog video signal combining all information into a single channel
Contrast Ratio – Difference between the brightest and darkest a display can produce
Convergence (Projector) – Alignment of a projector’s color channels to form a sharp image
Cross Conversion – Converting video between different formats or standards
DCI 4K (Cinema) – Digital Cinema Initiatives 4K standard used in theatrical projection
De-interlacing – Converting interlaced video into progressive scan
Depth of Field – Range of distance in a shot that appears acceptably in focus
Digital Video Interface (DVI) – Digital video connector predating widespread HDMI use
Dropout (Signal Loss) – Momentary loss of video signal or data
Dynamic Range (HDR) – Range between the darkest and brightest parts an image can represent
Edge Blending – Technique for smoothly overlapping multiple projected images into one seamless picture
EDID Handshake – Process where a display communicates its capabilities to a source device
Encoder (Streaming) – Device/software that compresses video for transmission or streaming
Fiber Converter – Device converting video signals between copper and fiber transmission
Field of View (Camera) – Extent of a scene visible through a camera lens
Flicker-Free (LED) – LED product designed to avoid visible flicker on camera
Focus Puller – Camera crew member responsible for maintaining focus during a shot
Follow Focus – Manual device used to precisely adjust lens focus during filming
Frame Buffer – Memory that holds image data for a single video frame before display
Frame Sync – Process of aligning multiple video sources to a common timing reference
Genlock Reference (Blackburst) – Reference signal used to synchronize multiple video devices
Ghosting (Display Artifact) – Faint trailing image left behind moving content on a display
Gooseneck Camera – Small flexible camera used for close-up or confidence monitoring shots
HDBaseT – Standard for transmitting video, audio, and control signals over a single cable
HDR (High Dynamic Range) – Video format capturing a wider range of brightness and color than SDR
HD-SDI – SDI standard for transmitting uncompressed HD video
Hot-Pluggable Interface – Connection that can be connected/disconnected without powering down the device
Image Magnification System – Full video system supporting live camera projection for large audiences
Input Card (Switcher) – Modular card adding input connections to a video switcher
Interlaced Video – Video format where each frame is displayed as two alternating fields
IP Video (Video over IP) – Transmitting video signals over standard IP network infrastructure
ISO Record (Isolated Camera Feed) – Recording each individual camera separately, not just the switched program
Jitter (Video Signal) – Small timing variations that can degrade video signal quality
Key/Fill Camera – Camera pairing used in chroma key setups for talent and background
LED Cabinet – Individual modular panel unit that makes up a larger LED wall
LED Tile – Small modular LED panel used to build displays of varying sizes
Letterboxing – Black bars added above/below an image to preserve its original aspect ratio
Line Doubler – Device that converts interlaced video to a higher-resolution progressive signal
Live Switching – Real-time cutting between multiple video sources during a broadcast
Loop Out – Output that passes a signal through to another device unchanged
Luminance – The brightness component of a video signal
Matrix Router – Device allowing any video input to be routed to any output
Mosaic Mode (Video Wall) – Displaying one large image split across multiple screens
Native Resolution – The actual physical pixel resolution of a display
NDI HX – Compressed variant of NDI designed for lower-bandwidth network video
Optical Splitter – Device that duplicates a fiber video signal to multiple destinations
Output Card (Switcher) – Modular card adding output connections to a video switcher
Overscan – Portion of an image extending beyond the visible edge of a display
Pillarboxing – Black bars added on the sides of an image to preserve aspect ratio
Pixel Binning – Combining sensor pixels to improve low-light performance at reduced resolution
Progressive Scan – Video format displaying a full frame in one pass, rather than interlaced fields
Projection Mapping – Projecting video onto irregular surfaces to match their geometry
Projector Lumens – Measurement of a projector’s brightness output
Projector Lens Ratio – Throw distance to image width ratio for a given projector lens
RAID Storage (Video Server) – Redundant storage array used for reliable video playback/recording
Rasterizer – Component converting image data into a grid of displayable pixels
Rear Projection – Projecting an image from behind a translucent screen
RGB Color Model – Color model combining red, green, and blue to produce the visible spectrum
RGBW LED – LED fixture/display adding a white element to standard RGB mixing
Scan Converter – Device converting between different video scanning formats or resolutions
Screen Gain – Measurement of how much a projection surface reflects light back toward viewers
Seamless Switching – Switching between video sources without a visible cut or glitch
Sensor Size (Camera) – Physical size of a camera’s image sensor, affecting field of view and depth of field
Signal Extender – Device used to send video signals over longer distances than a standard cable allows
Simulcast – Broadcasting the same content across multiple platforms or channels simultaneously
Slow Motion Camera – Camera capable of high frame-rate capture for slow-motion playback
Split Screen – Displaying multiple video sources simultaneously within one frame
Streaming Bitrate – Data rate at which a live stream is encoded and transmitted
Studio Camera – Camera designed for fixed, in-studio broadcast use
Sync Generator – Device producing timing reference signals for multiple video devices
Tally Light – Indicator light on a camera showing when it is live on program
Teleprompter – Device displaying scrolling text to a presenter, reflected near the camera lens
Test Pattern – Standardized image used to check and calibrate video equipment
Throw Ratio (Projector) – Ratio of projector distance to resulting image width
Time Code – Sequential numbering system used to synchronize video and audio
Transcoding – Converting video from one compressed format to another
Underscan – Displaying an image slightly smaller than the visible screen area
Uncompressed Video – Video signal with no data compression applied
Upscaling – Increasing a video signal’s resolution to match a higher-resolution display
USB Capture Device – Hardware for capturing video into a computer via USB
Vectorscope – Monitor used to analyze the color/hue accuracy of a video signal
Video Distribution Amplifier (DA) – Device that splits and boosts a video signal to multiple outputs
Video Extender – Device transmitting video signal over longer cable runs than standard limits allow
Video Matrix Switcher – Switcher allowing flexible routing between multiple video inputs and outputs
Video Server – Computer system dedicated to storing and playing back video content
Video Wall Controller – Processor that manages content distribution across a multi-screen video wall
Viewfinder – Camera eyepiece or screen used by an operator to frame a shot
Virtual Camera – Software-based camera output used to feed a computer image as a video source
Waveform Monitor – Monitor used to analyze the luminance/brightness levels of a video signal
WDR (Wide Dynamic Range) – Camera feature that balances exposure in high-contrast scenes
Widescreen – Video format wider than the traditional 4:3 aspect ratio
Windowing (Video Wall) – Displaying separate content sources within defined regions of a video wall
Wireless Camera System – Camera transmitting its video signal without a physical cable run
YUV Color Space – Color model separating luma from chroma information, common in video processing
Zebra Pattern (Exposure) – Camera display aid highlighting overexposed areas of an image
Zoom Lens – Lens with an adjustable focal length
Backup Recording (ISO) – Redundant recording of individual camera feeds as a safety net
Cinema Camera – Camera built for high-end film/video production with cinema-grade image quality
Content Server Redundancy – Backup playback system used to prevent content dropouts
Curved LED Screen – LED display built or configured with a curved viewing surface
Digital Cinema Package (DCP) – Standardized file format for delivering content to cinema projectors
Display Calibration – Process of adjusting a display to accurately reproduce color and brightness
Downstream Keyer – Switcher function that overlays graphics on top of the final program output
Dual Link SDI – Method of combining two SDI signals to carry higher-bandwidth video
Fiber Backbone – Core fiber infrastructure connecting major video distribution points at a venue
Frame Rate Conversion – Converting video between different frame rates
Ganged Displays – Multiple displays configured and controlled together as one unit
Graphics Overlay – Text or imagery layered on top of a live video feed
HD Camera Chain – Full signal path from camera head to base station and control unit
Image Processor – Device applying scaling, correction, or enhancement to a video signal
Interpolation (Video Scaling) – Technique used to estimate pixel values when resizing video
Lens Flare – Light artifact caused by light scattering within a camera lens
Live Graphics Package – Software system used to generate and control on-screen graphics live
Motion Blur – Blurring of moving elements in a frame, related to shutter speed
Optical Zoom – Zoom achieved through physical lens elements, as opposed to digital cropping
Rack-Mounted Video Processor – Video processing hardware installed in a standard equipment rack

Beam Angle – Spread of light output
CMY Mixing – Color mixing system
Cue – Programmed lighting action
DMX – Communication protocol for lighting control
Fixture – Lighting unit
Follow Spot – Manually operated spotlight
Gobo – Pattern inserted into lighting fixture
Haze – Atmospheric effect enhancing beams
Lux – Measurement of illumination
Moving Head – Motorized intelligent fixture
PAR Can – Traditional stage light
Patch – Assigning fixtures to control channels
Pixel Mapping – Controlling individual LED pixels
Universe – 512 DMX channels
Wash Light – Broad coverage lighting
Barn Doors – Adjustable flaps on a fixture used to shape and control the edge of a light beam
Blackout – Cue that cuts all stage lighting instantly
Color Temperature – Measurement (in Kelvin) describing the warmth or coolness of a light source
Dimmer – Device that controls the intensity of a lighting fixture
Gel – Colored filter placed in front of a fixture to change the color of light
Hazer – Device that produces fine atmospheric haze to make light beams visible
Intensity – The brightness level of a lighting fixture
Lighting Console – Control desk used to program and run lighting cues
Pan and Tilt – The horizontal and vertical movement range of a moving fixture
Practical Light – A light source visible on stage/set as part of the scenery, not just for illumination
Rigging Point – A fixed structural point used to hang lighting or other equipment safely
Strobe – Rapid flashing light effect
Truss – Metal structure used to hang lighting, video, and speaker equipment above stage or audience
Accent Lighting – Lighting used to highlight a specific area or object rather than provide general coverage
Additive Color Mixing – Combining colored light (e.g. red, green, blue) to create new colors
Ambient Light – General background light level in an environment
Arc Lamp – High-intensity light source used in some fixtures, producing light via an electric arc
Architectural Lighting – Fixed lighting integrated into a building or venue’s structure
Art-Net – Protocol used to transmit DMX lighting data over standard Ethernet networks
Ballast – Component that regulates power to certain lamp types
Base Plate (Fixture Mount) – Weighted or fixed plate used to mount a lighting fixture on the ground
Beam Projector – Fixture producing a tight, parallel beam of light with minimal spread
Beam Shaper – Optic or accessory used to reshape a fixture’s beam output
Bounce Light – Light reflected off a surface rather than aimed directly at the subject
Break-Out Box (DMX) – Device splitting a single DMX line into multiple connector outputs
Bump Button (Console) – Console button used to trigger a look at full intensity momentarily
C-Clamp – Standard clamp used to rig fixtures onto truss or pipe
Chase (Lighting Effect) – Sequential lighting effect moving across a series of fixtures
Chip (LED) – Individual light-emitting diode element within an LED fixture
Circuit (Dimmer Circuit) – Individual controllable power output on a dimming system
Color Mixing System – Fixture system that blends colors using multiple LED or filter channels
Color Rendering Index (CRI) – Measurement of how accurately a light source renders colors compared to natural light
Console Programmer – Person responsible for programming lighting cues into the console
Cross Fade – Transition where one lighting look fades out as another fades in
Cyc Light (Cyclorama Light) – Fixture designed to evenly wash a cyclorama or backdrop
Diffuser (Lighting) – Material placed in front of a fixture to soften and spread its light
Dimmer Curve – Response curve describing how a dimmer’s output changes relative to its control signal
Dimmer Pack – Portable unit housing multiple dimmer circuits
Dip Switch (DMX Addressing) – Physical switches used to manually set a fixture’s DMX address
Direct Address Mode – Fixture addressing method assigning a specific DMX start address
Downlight – Fixture aimed downward, typically mounted overhead
Effects Wheel – Rotating disc inside a fixture used to project moving patterns
Ellipsoidal Reflector Spotlight (ERS) – Fixture producing a sharp, shapeable beam, often used for gobo projection
Encoder Wheel (Console) – Rotary control on a lighting console used to adjust fixture parameters
Fade Time – Duration over which a lighting cue transitions from one state to another
Fan Cooling (Fixture) – Active cooling system used in high-output fixtures
Fixture Library – Console database containing profiles for different lighting fixture models
Fixture Personality – Set of parameters defining how a console controls a specific fixture
Flat Field Wash – Even, uniform light output across a wash fixture’s beam
Floor Package (Lighting) – Fixtures placed on the ground or stage floor rather than rigged overhead
Fly Bar – Overhead pipe or truss used to rig lighting fixtures
Focus (Lighting) – Process of aiming and adjusting fixtures to their intended position
Footlight – Fixture positioned at stage level, lighting performers from below
Fresnel Fixture – Fixture using a stepped lens producing a soft-edged beam
Front Light – Lighting angle illuminating the front of a subject
Full Range Zoom – Fixture capability to adjust beam angle across its full available range
Gaffer (Lighting Role) – Chief lighting technician on a production, particularly in film/TV
Gel Frame – Frame holding a color gel in front of a fixture
Genie Lift – Vertical mobile lift used to access rigging points
Ghost Load (Dimmer) – Dummy load added to a dimmer circuit to prevent flicker on very low loads
GrandMA – Widely used family of professional lighting consoles
Grid (Lighting Grid) – Overhead structure of truss/pipe used to mount lighting fixtures
Hang and Focus – Process of rigging fixtures in place and then aiming them
Hard Edge Beam – Sharply defined beam of light with minimal spread
High Output LED – LED fixture designed for maximum brightness output
Hoist Point – Point used to lift and hang rigging or fixtures
Hot Spot – Bright, uneven concentration of light within a beam
House Lights – General lighting illuminating the audience area
Hue and Saturation – Color parameters used to define and adjust a fixture’s output color
Hybrid Fixture – Fixture combining beam, spot, and wash functions in one unit
IGBT Dimmer – Dimmer technology using Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors for smoother control
Iris (Lighting Fixture) – Adjustable aperture used to control beam size
Key Light – Primary light source illuminating a subject
Kelvin Scale – Temperature scale used to describe the color of light sources
LED Driver – Electronic component regulating power delivered to an LED fixture
LED Strip – Flexible linear strip of LEDs used for accent or architectural lighting
Lens Tube – Interchangeable optic assembly on certain lighting fixtures
Light Plot – Diagram showing the position and type of every lighting fixture for a production
Light Curtain – Row of lights creating a visual barrier or wash effect
Linear Fixture – Long, narrow fixture used for wash or accent lighting
Live Cue Stack – The active sequence of programmed cues running during a show
Look (Lighting State) – A specific combination of lighting settings creating a visual moment
Low Voltage Lighting – Lighting systems operating below standard mains voltage
Lumen Output – Total quantity of visible light produced by a fixture
Macro (Console Programming) – Programmed sequence of console commands triggered by a single action
Master Fader (Lighting) – Console control governing the overall output level of multiple channels
Mega Lite (Effect Fixture) – Multi-lamp fixture producing chase and strobe effects
Motorized Fixture – Fixture with automated pan/tilt or other moving parts
Node (DMX/Art-Net) – Device converting data between DMX and network-based lighting protocols
Optics (Fixture) – The lens and reflector components determining a fixture’s beam characteristics
Palette (Console Programming) – Stored reference values (e.g. position, color) used to build cues quickly
Par 64 – Common traditional par-style fixture, named for its lamp size
Pixel Tape – Individually addressable LED tape used for detailed pixel-mapped effects
Playback Fader – Console fader used to trigger and control a stored cue
Plot Symbol – Standardized icon representing a fixture type on a light plot
Pole Operator – Crew member operating a follow spot from a fixed position
Power Distro (Lighting Power) – Distribution unit splitting power to multiple lighting circuits
Pre-Rig – Rigging fixtures in advance of the main production day
Prism Effect – Optical effect splitting a beam into multiple beams
Profile Fixture – Fixture type capable of sharp-edged, shapeable beams, often via shutters or gobos
Projection (Gobo Projection) – Using a fixture to project a patterned image or texture
Rainbow Effect – Color-cycling effect produced by a rotating color wheel
Reflector – Component directing light output from the lamp toward the lens
RGBA/RGBW Mixing – Color mixing systems adding amber or white to standard RGB LEDs
Rigger (Role) – Crew member responsible for safely hanging equipment
Safety Cable – Secondary cable securing a fixture in case its primary mount fails
Scene (Lighting Console) – A saved lighting state that can be recalled
Scroller (Color Scroller) – Motorized device cycling through a strip of color gels on a fixture
Sidelight – Lighting angle illuminating a subject from the side
Sine Wave Dimming – Dimming method that reduces flicker compared to standard phase-cut dimming
Smoke Machine – Device producing dense smoke for atmospheric or effect purposes
Snap Change (Cue) – Instant lighting cue transition with no fade
Soft Patch – Reassigning fixture control addresses within the console software, without rewiring
Special (Lighting Cue) – A cue or fixture setting created for a single specific moment
Spot Focus – Narrow, concentrated focus setting on a fixture
Static Fixture – Fixture with no moving parts, fixed in position and orientation
Strip Light – Row of small lamps used for washes or backdrops
Sub Master – Console fader controlling a group of channels together
Swivel Clamp – Rigging clamp allowing rotational adjustment of a fixture’s angle
Tilt Lock – Mechanism locking a fixture’s vertical angle in place
Top Light – Lighting angle illuminating a subject directly from above
Tracking (Console Cue) – Console behavior where a parameter carries forward until explicitly changed
Trim Height – The rigged height of a truss or fixture above the stage
Uplight – Fixture placed on the ground, lighting upward
UV Light (Blacklight) – Fixture producing ultraviolet light, used for fluorescent effects
Variable White Fixture – Fixture capable of adjusting its white color temperature
Voltage Drop (Lighting Power) – Loss of voltage over a cable run, relevant for long power distribution
Wall Wash – Even lighting coverage applied across a wall or backdrop
Warm White / Cool White – Descriptive color temperature categories for white light output
Wireless DMX – Transmitting DMX lighting control data without a physical data cable
Xenon Lamp – High-intensity lamp type used in some follow spots and projectors
Zoom Range (Fixture) – The adjustable beam angle range of a fixture’s zoom function
Zoom Wash – Wash fixture with an adjustable beam angle
Blinder – Audience-facing fixture used to flood the crowd with light for effect
Cable Ramp – Protective ramp used to route power/data cable across walkways safely
Color Wheel – Rotating disc of color filters used to change a fixture’s output color
Constant Current LED Driver – LED driver type maintaining steady current for consistent brightness
Dichroic Filter – Filter that reflects specific wavelengths of light while transmitting others
Dimmer Rack – Rack-mounted housing for multiple dimmer modules
Fixture Weight Rating – Maximum safe rigging weight specification for a fixture
Focus Chart – Reference chart used to check and verify a fixture’s sharp focus
Groundrow Light – Low-profile fixture placed at stage level to wash the bottom of a backdrop
Haze Density – Level of atmospheric haze in a space, affecting beam visibility
Instrument Schedule – Document listing every fixture, its type, position, and purpose
Lighting Designer (LD) – Person responsible for designing a production’s lighting concept
Load Calculation (Lighting) – Calculating total power draw of a lighting rig for safe distribution
Multi-Cell Fixture – LED wash fixture built from several individually controllable segments
Patch Panel (Dimming) – Panel used to route dimmer circuits to specific outlets
Power Multi (Cable) – Multi-circuit power cable distributing several feeds through one run
Rigging Motor (Chain Hoist) – Motorized hoist used to raise and lower rigged equipment
Sandbag (Rigging Weight) – Weight used to secure ground-supported stands and bases
Shutter Cut (ERS) – Using a fixture’s internal shutters to shape or hard-edge a beam
Timecode Sync (Lighting) – Synchronizing lighting cues to a timecode reference, often for automated shows
Yoke (Fixture Mounting Arm) – U-shaped bracket allowing a fixture to pan and tilt

Advance – Planning communication before the event
Backline – Musical equipment on stage
Call Time – Scheduled arrival time
Changeover – Transition between acts
Cue Sheet – Running order document
Dry Hire – Equipment rental without operators
Load In – Moving equipment into the venue
Load Out – Removing equipment after the event
Production Schedule – Timeline of activities
Rigging – Hanging equipment safely
Show Caller – Person directing event flow
Site Recce – Venue inspection
Stage Plot – Diagram of stage layout
Strike – Dismantling equipment
Technical Rider – Equipment requirements document
Turnaround Time – Time between events
Certificate of Insurance (COI) – Document proving event/vendor insurance coverage, often required by venues
Contingency Plan – Backup plan for equipment failure, weather, or schedule disruption
Crew Call – Scheduled time crew members are required to arrive
Ground Support – Freestanding rigging structure used when a venue has no fly points
Hospitality Rider – Document listing an artist’s non-technical requirements (food, dressing room, etc.)
Load Plan – Diagram or document showing how equipment will be packed/loaded into transport
Pre-Production Meeting – Planning meeting held before an event to align all departments
Production Manager – Person overseeing all technical departments and logistics for an event
Run of Show (ROS) – Minute-by-minute document detailing the sequence of an event
Stage Manager – Person coordinating what happens on stage during a live show
Venue Walkthrough – On-site inspection of a venue before the event to confirm logistics and layout
Access Control (Event) – System managing who can enter specific areas of an event
Accreditation (Event Pass) – Credential system verifying authorization to access an event or area
AV Integrator – Company or professional that designs and installs permanent AV systems
Backstage Pass – Credential granting access to restricted backstage areas
Barricade (Crowd Control) – Physical barrier used to manage crowd flow and safety
Bump In / Bump Out – Term for load-in and load-out, common in some regions
Call Sheet – Document listing schedule, contacts, and logistics for a shoot or event day
Cast and Crew List – Master roster of all personnel involved in a production
Catering Schedule – Timeline for meal service during an event’s production days
Change Room – Dedicated space for performers or crew to change clothing/costumes
Crowd Management Plan – Formal plan for safely handling audience movement and density
Deck Plan (Venue Layout) – Detailed layout of a venue’s floor and staging areas
Delivery Schedule – Timeline coordinating when equipment or materials arrive on site
Department Head – Lead person responsible for a specific production department
Dock (Loading Dock) – Venue area designated for vehicle loading and unloading
Dress Rehearsal – Full run-through of a show under near-final conditions
Drop-Off Point – Designated location for vehicles to unload passengers or goods
Emergency Action Plan – Documented procedures for responding to on-site emergencies
Equipment Manifest – Itemized list of all equipment being transported or used
Event Brief – Summary document outlining an event’s goals, scope, and key details
Event Insurance – Insurance coverage specific to risks associated with running an event
Event Producer – Person overseeing the overall creative and logistical execution of an event
Event Timeline – Chronological schedule of all activities across an event
Exclusivity Clause (Vendor Contract) – Contract term restricting a vendor’s ability to work with competitors
Fabrication Schedule (Set Build) – Timeline for building physical set pieces or staging elements
Final Walkthrough – Last on-site inspection before an event begins
Fire Marshal Sign-off – Approval from fire safety authorities required before an event can proceed
Fit-Up – Term for load-in/setup, commonly used in UK/theatre contexts
Floor Manager – Person coordinating activity on the event floor during the show
Floor Plan (Event) – Diagram showing the layout of staging, seating, and equipment at a venue
Force Majeure Clause – Contract clause addressing cancellation due to uncontrollable events
Freight Elevator Access – Confirmed access to a venue’s freight elevator for equipment moves
Freight Schedule – Timeline for shipping and receiving production equipment
Gantt Chart (Production Planning) – Visual timeline chart used to plan overlapping production tasks
Green Room – Backstage waiting/relaxation area for performers before going on
Ground Transportation – Logistics for moving crew, talent, or equipment by road
Guest List Management – Coordinating and verifying invited attendees for an event
Hard Card (Access Pass) – Laminated, non-expiring credential typically used for senior crew
Head Count – Total number of people expected or present at an event
Health and Safety Plan – Formal documentation of safety procedures and risk controls for an event
Hospitality Coordinator – Person managing catering, greenrooms, and guest comfort
Housekeeping (Venue Term) – General upkeep and cleanliness services within a venue
Incident Report – Formal documentation of any safety incident or issue during an event
Ingress / Egress – Entry and exit routes for an audience or venue
Job Sheet – Work order document detailing tasks assigned to a crew or vendor
Kick-Off Meeting – Initial planning meeting bringing together key stakeholders for a production
Kill Fee (Contract Clause) – Fee owed if a contracted service is cancelled after work has begun
Labor Call – Scheduled request for crew labor for a specific shift
Lanyard/Credential System – System of visual passes used to identify access levels on site
Load Sheet – Document detailing how equipment is packed and loaded for transport
Local Crew – Crew hired at the event location rather than traveling with the production
Location Scout – Person or process of evaluating potential venues for suitability
Logistics Manifest – Consolidated document tracking movement of equipment and materials
Master Carnet (International Touring) – Customs document allowing equipment to cross borders temporarily without duty
Master Schedule – Consolidated timeline covering all departments for an event
Medical Standby – On-site medical personnel available during an event
Move-In / Move-Out – General term for equipment and set arriving/leaving a venue
Muster Point – Designated safe assembly location during an emergency evacuation
NDA (Non-Disclosure Agreement) – Legal agreement protecting confidential production information
On-Call Crew – Crew available to work if needed but not on a fixed schedule
On-Site Coordinator – Person managing logistics and communication at the venue in real time
Overhead Cost – Indirect costs (insurance, admin, etc.) factored into a production budget
Overtime Rate (Crew) – Pay rate applied for hours worked beyond a standard shift
Pack List – Itemized checklist of equipment to be packed for an event
Parking Plan (Event Logistics) – Coordinated plan for vehicle and truck parking during an event
Payment Milestones – Scheduled partial payments tied to specific project stages
Payment Terms – Agreed timeline and method for invoicing and payment
Permit (Event Permit) – Official authorization required to legally hold an event
Permit Application – Formal process of applying for required local event permits
Post-Event Report – Summary document reviewing an event’s outcomes and lessons learned
Post-Production Meeting – Meeting held after an event to review performance and issues
Pre-Advance Call – Initial planning call held before the formal advance process begins
Pre-Show Checklist – List of tasks to confirm are complete before doors open
Production Assistant – Entry-level support role assisting across production departments
Production Budget – Financial plan detailing all projected costs for a production
Production Office – On-site office space used to coordinate production logistics
Production Timeline – Overall schedule mapping every phase of a production
Production Village (Backstage Area) – Cluster of backstage support facilities like offices, greenrooms, and storage
Quote (Vendor Quotation) – Formal price proposal submitted by a vendor
Rate Card – Standardized pricing document for services or equipment
Reconciliation (Post-Event Budget) – Process of comparing actual costs to the budgeted amount after an event
Rehearsal Schedule – Timeline of rehearsal sessions leading up to a show
Reset (Between Sessions) – Resetting staging or equipment between back-to-back shows
Risk Assessment – Formal evaluation of potential hazards and mitigation steps for an event
Risk Mitigation Plan – Documented strategy for reducing identified event risks
RFP (Request for Proposal) – Formal document soliciting vendor bids for a project
Rider Compliance – Verification that a venue/promoter has met all technical/hospitality rider requirements
Rooming List – List assigning hotel rooms to traveling crew or talent
Runner (Crew Role) – Crew member handling errands and material transport during an event
Safety Briefing – Meeting held to communicate safety procedures to crew before work begins
Scheduling Conflict – Overlap between two commitments that must be resolved in planning
Scope of Work – Document defining exactly what services/deliverables are included in a contract
Security Detail – Personnel assigned to manage safety and access at an event
Set Change – Transition involving moving or altering the physical set between segments
Shift Schedule – Timetable dividing crew working hours into defined shifts
Sign-Off Sheet – Document used to confirm approval or completion of a task/stage
Site Access Hours – Approved hours during which a venue permits crew on site
Site Map – Overview diagram of an entire event site, including all zones
Site Plan Approval – Formal approval of a proposed event layout by venue or authorities
Sound Check Schedule – Timed slots allocated for each act’s sound check
Sound Curfew – Time restriction after which amplified sound must stop, often set by local regulation
Spec Sheet (Vendor Specs) – Document detailing technical specifications of equipment offered by a vendor
Sponsor Activation Area – Designated space where sponsors engage attendees directly
Staff Briefing – Meeting used to inform staff of event details and responsibilities
Stage Deck – Modular platform sections used to build a stage
Stagehand – General crew member handling physical stage tasks
Staging Area – Space used to organize equipment or people before deployment
Standby Crew – Additional crew held in reserve in case of need during an event
Standby Generator (Power Backup) – Backup generator ready to provide power if the main supply fails
Storage/Warehouse Logistics – Coordination of equipment storage between or during productions
Sub-Contractor Agreement – Contract governing a subcontractor’s scope and terms on a project
Supplier Coordination – Managing communication and delivery timing across multiple vendors
Talent Handler – Person responsible for guiding and assisting performers on site
Tear Down (Strike) – Dismantling and removing all production equipment after an event
Tech Table – Dedicated table position for technical crew (e.g. lighting/sound programmers) during a show
Ticketing Coordination – Managing ticket sales, access, and entry logistics for an event
Timeline Buffer – Extra time built into a schedule to absorb delays
Trucking Schedule – Coordinated timing for transport trucks arriving/departing a venue
Union Rules (Crew Labor) – Labor regulations governing unionized crew work conditions
Vendor Contract – Formal agreement outlining a vendor’s services and terms
Vendor Onboarding – Process of formally engaging and briefing a new vendor
Venue Capacity – Maximum permitted occupancy of a venue
Venue Load-In Restrictions – Specific limitations a venue imposes on load-in access, timing, or method
Venue Manager – Venue staff member responsible for coordinating with the visiting production
Volunteer Coordination – Managing volunteer staff schedules and responsibilities
Waiver Form – Legal document releasing liability, often signed by attendees or participants
Walkie Assignment – Distribution and channel assignment of two-way radios to crew
Walkthrough Checklist – Checklist used during a venue walkthrough to confirm requirements
Wardrobe Call – Scheduled time for costume/wardrobe fittings or checks
Weather Contingency – Backup plan addressing potential weather disruption to an event
Work Call (Crew Shift) – Scheduled block of time crew are called in to work
Wrap (End of Production Day) – Formal end of the working day’s production activities
Zone Coordination – Managing logistics and communication across distinct areas of a large event

Clear Comms – Working intercom communication
Go Cue – Instruction to execute an action
Standby – Prepare for upcoming action
Comms Pack – Wireless communication device
IFB (Interruptible Foldback) – Communication system for presenters
Talkback – Crew communication system
Channel (Comms) – A designated frequency or line used by a specific department or team
Cue Light – Visual (often red/green) signal used to cue performers or crew silently
Hand Signals – Non-verbal cues used when radio communication isn’t practical
Radio Check – Quick test to confirm a comms unit is transmitting and receiving clearly
Repeater – Device that extends radio range by rebroadcasting a signal
Two-Way Radio – Handheld radio used for crew communication during load-in, show, and load-out
Affirmative – Radio protocol term meaning “yes”
All Clear – Radio call indicating a situation is resolved or safe
Antenna Gain – Measurement of how effectively an antenna focuses radio signal
Base Station (Radio) – Fixed radio unit used as a central communication point
Battery Pack (Radio) – Removable power source for portable radios
Belt Pack (Intercom) – Wearable intercom unit connecting a headset to the comms system
Broadcast Intercom – Professional wired/wireless intercom system used in TV/live production
Call Sign – Identifying name or code used by a person or channel on comms
Channel Assignment Sheet – Document listing which department uses which comms channel
Clear (End of Transmission) – Radio call indicating a conversation has ended
Comms Check – Verifying that all comms units are functioning before a show
Copy That – Radio acknowledgment confirming a message was received and understood
Coordinator Line (Comms Channel) – Dedicated channel used by production coordinators
Digital Intercom Matrix – Networked intercom system allowing flexible routing between many users
Direct Line (Point-to-Point Comms) – Dedicated communication line between two specific parties
Dispatch (Radio Term) – Central point coordinating and directing radio communication
Dual Channel Radio – Radio capable of monitoring or switching between two channels
Duplex Communication – Two-way communication allowing simultaneous talk and listen
Earpiece (IFB/Comms) – In-ear device used to receive audio from a comms or IFB system
Encrypted Radio Channel – Radio channel using encryption to prevent unauthorized listening
Frequency Coordination (Comms) – Planning radio channel assignments to avoid interference between departments
Full Duplex Intercom – Intercom system allowing simultaneous two-way conversation without keying
Half Duplex Radio – Radio system where only one party can transmit at a time
Handheld Transceiver – Portable two-way radio unit
Headset Mic (Comms) – Microphone integrated into a comms headset
Hot Mic – A microphone left open and actively transmitting, sometimes unintentionally
Intercom Beltpack – See Belt Pack — wearable intercom interface unit
Intercom Matrix – Central hardware routing communication between multiple intercom stations
Interference (Radio) – Unwanted signal disrupting clear radio communication
Key Up (Push to Talk) – Activating a radio’s transmit function
Line of Sight (Radio) – Radio range dependent on an unobstructed path between units
Listen-Only Channel – Comms channel configured to receive audio without transmit capability
Loop Through (Intercom) – Passing an intercom signal through one device to another
Master Station (Intercom) – Central control point of a wired intercom system
Mic Muting (Comms) – Temporarily disabling a microphone on a comms channel
Mute Group (Comms) – Group of comms channels that can be muted together
Net (Radio Network) – A defined group of radios operating on the same channel
Open Mic (Comms Etiquette) – Practice of leaving a mic active for ongoing communication
Over (Radio Protocol Term) – Indicates the speaker has finished and is awaiting a reply
Party Line (Comms System) – Shared comms channel where all users hear each other simultaneously
Phonetic Alphabet – Standardized word system (Alpha, Bravo, Charlie…) used to clarify letters over radio
Point-to-Point Radio – Direct radio link between two fixed locations
Priority Channel (Comms) – Reserved channel for urgent or high-priority communication
Private Line (Selective Calling) – Radio feature filtering out traffic from other users on the same frequency
Program Feed (IFB) – Live program audio sent to an IFB earpiece, often mixed with cues
Push to Talk (PTT) – Button used to activate radio transmission
Radio Frequency Coordination – Overall management of RF spectrum use across an event
Radio Silence – Deliberate suspension of non-essential radio traffic
Range (Radio Coverage) – Effective distance a radio system can transmit and receive
Receiver Sensitivity (Radio) – A radio’s ability to pick up weak signals
Relay (Comms) – Passing a message from one comms user to another
Repeater Tower – Fixed structure housing a repeater to extend radio coverage
Roger (Radio Acknowledgment) – Radio term confirming a message was received
Say Again (Radio Request) – Request for a message to be repeated
Scan Mode (Radio) – Radio feature cycling through channels to detect activity
Selective Call – Radio feature allowing a call to reach only a specific unit
Simplex Communication – Radio communication where only one party can transmit at a time on one frequency
Squelch – Radio setting that mutes background noise when no signal is present
Standby Channel – Reserved backup channel in case the primary comms channel fails
Sub-Channel (Radio) – Secondary channel nested within a broader radio system
Surveillance Earpiece – Discreet earpiece used with security or covert comms systems
Transceiver – Combined transmitter and receiver in a single radio unit
Transmit Power – Output strength of a radio’s transmitted signal
UHF Radio – Ultra High Frequency radio band, common for short-range professional use
VHF Radio – Very High Frequency radio band, offering longer range than UHF
Volume Limiter (Headset Safety) – Feature protecting hearing by capping maximum comms headset output
Wired Intercom System – Comms system connected via physical cable rather than wireless
Wireless Intercom System – Comms system transmitting audio without physical cabling
Zone Paging – Public address system feature allowing announcements to specific areas only

This AV glossary breaks down commonly used terms in live sound, video production, lighting design, and event production to help beginners and professionals speak the same language.

Live event production is built around communication. Whether you’re mixing monitors, operating cameras, programming lighting, or managing productions, understanding the AV glossary allows teams to work faster, more safely, and more efficiently.

As you spend more time working events, you’ll discover that learning the language of production is just as important as learning the equipment itself.